Compost Science Complete scientific data on compost process control and end product quality

PERSPECTIVE

Compost Science & Utilization, (2006), Vol. 14, No. 2, 83

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL CONCEPTS

THIS ISSUE of Compost Science & Utilization again reflects the significance of the research work that moves from laboratory and field into management decisions that affect waste handling, environmental

understanding and renewable energy. The critical nature of the data presented reflects the diverse interests and expertise of both the authors and the readers throughout the world.
Methane formation along with oxygen and carbon dioxide profiles are presented by Cabañas-Vargas and Stentiford, reflections of research done in Mexico and the United Kingdom. “Profiles indicated that the methane was probably oxidized within the mass and consequently methane release during the maturation stage of composting was probably not common,” they conclude.
As carcass composting takes on more importance, the multifaceted report by authors based in Texas (College Station and Amarillo), Purdue University and in Karaj, Iran provides much useful data on design, biosecurity, economic and environmental considerations. A well-designed system will be economical and produce a valuable soil amendment, they point out.
Preparing nutrient management plans so the proper levels of mineral fertilizers and organic amendments are received by crops is the main point of the paper by Montemurro and colleagues in their study of composted organic amendments on fodder crops. And management of systems to determine respiration rates using pressure sensors is the message from researchers in Iowa, Pennsylvania and Michigan.
Understanding the specifics of small-scale composting of horse manure will help solve the needs of small horse farms, as Rutgers University staff lay out clear pointers of mixing and methods. Meanwhile, from Norway comes advice on dealing with potato cyst nematodes during composting. “Eight days of composting where all materials have reached a temperature of minimum 50°C could be regarded as a satisfactory method for sanitation of potato cyst nematode.”
Another paper by investigators in central Spain confirmed the value of composted MSW in semiarid shrubland hit by Mediterranean ecosystems, leading to improvements in soil chemical characteristics and native vegetation. “Since no adverse environmental effects were observed,” they report from Madrid, “use of composted MSW can be considered a viable and beneficial alternative to current waste management practices.”
These findings - based on careful analytical results - provide readers with a well-rounded understanding of practical and theoretical concepts.